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The Clash of Civilizations (COC) is a theory that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world. It was proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 ''Foreign Affairs'' article titled "The Clash of Civilizations?",〔Official copy (free preview): (The Clash of Civilizations? ), ''Foreign Affairs'', Summer 1993〕 in response to his former student Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, ''The End of History and the Last Man''. Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book ''The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order''. The phrase itself was earlier used by Albert Camus in 1946,〔 http://www.ina.fr/audio/PHD85011203〕 and by Bernard Lewis in an article in the September 1990 issue of ''The Atlantic Monthly'' titled "The Roots of Muslim Rage".〔Bernard Lewis: (The Roots of Muslim Rage ) ''The Atlantic Monthly'', September 1990〕 Even earlier, the phrase appears in a 1926 book regarding the Middle East by Basil Mathews: ''Young Islam on Trek: A Study in the Clash of Civilizations'' (p. 196). This expression derives from clash of cultures, already used during the colonial period and the Belle Époque.〔Louis Massignon, ''La psychologie musulmane'' (1931), in Idem, ''Ecrits mémorables'', t. I, Paris, Robert Laffont, 2009, p. 629: "Après la venue de Bonaparte au Caire, le ''clash of cultures'' entre l'ancienne Chrétienté et l'Islam prit un nouvel aspect, par invasion (sans échange) de l'échelle de valeurs occidentales dans la mentalité collective musulmane."〕 ==Overview== Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that human rights, liberal democracy, and capitalist free market economy had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post-Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama argued that the world had reached the 'end of history' in a Hegelian sense. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines.〔(Rashad Mehbaliyev: Civilizations, their nature and clash possibilities )〕 As an extension, he posits that the concept of different civilizations, as the highest rank of cultural identity, will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict. In the 1993 ''Foreign Affairs'' article, Huntington writes: In the end of the article, he writes: In addition, the clash of civilizations, for Huntington, represents a development of history. In the old time, the history of international system was mainly about the struggles between monarchs, nations and ideologies. Those conflicts were primarily seen within Western civilization. But after the end of the cold war, world politics had been moved into a new aspect in which non- Western civilizations were no more the exploited recipients of Western civilization but become another important actor joining the West to shape and move the world history.〔Murden S. Cultures in world affairs. In: Baylis J, Smith S, Owens P, editors. The Globalization of World Politics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011. p. 416-426.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clash of Civilizations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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